Keliya fuuqbaxa
Keliya fuuqbaxa
- Farsamada Fuuqbaxa Heerkulka Sare ee Farsamada
Sida oksaydhka birta - chromium oxide - potassium oxide waxay ka dhigi kartaa ethylbenzene (ama n-butene) fuuq-baxa styrene (ama butadiene) oo hoos yimaada heerkul sare iyo qadar badan oo uumiga biyaha ah.
- Heerkulka hooseeyo tignoolajiyada kataliska fuuqbaxa
Sababtoo ah fuuqbaxa guud ahaan waxay u baahan tahay in lagu sameeyo heerkul sare, depression ama joogitaanka tiro badan oo dareere ah, isticmaalka tamarta ayaa weyn.Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, fuuqbaxa oksaydhative ee heerkul hoose ayaa la sameeyay.Sida polyetylen leh bismuth - molybdenum birta oksaydhka kicinta ee fuuq-baxa oksijiinta ee butadiene.
Ka-hortagga Haydaroojinlooma isticmaalo oo kaliya habka wax soo saarka, laakiin sidoo kale si ballaaran ayaa loo isticmaalaa habka sifaynta alaabta iyo alaabta ceeriin.Marka loo eego xaaladaha hydrogenation kala duwan, waxa loo qaybin karaa saddex qaybood:
① Xakamaynta hydrogenation-ka xulashada, sida ethylene iyo propylene laga helay dildilaaca batroolka hydrocarbon sida alaabta ceeriin ee polymerization, waa in marka hore lagu doortaa hydrogenation, si meesha looga saaro wasakhda raadadka sida alkyne, diene, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, iyo ma lumin ene .Kataliyatada la isticmaalo guud ahaan waa palladium, platinum ama nikkel, cobalt, molybdenum, iwm, oo ku dul yaal aluminium.
② Dhaqdhaqaaqa hydrogenation-ka ee aan la dooran, taas oo ah, kicinta loo isticmaalo hydrogenation qoto dheer ilaa xeryahooda saturated.Sida hydrogenation benzene ilaa cyclohexane oo leh nikkel-alumina kicinta, phenol hydrogenation ilaa cyclohexanol, waxay leedahay hydrogenation dinitrile ilaa hexdiamine oo leh nikkel kicinta.
③ Xakamaynta hydrogenation-ka, sida korantada naxaasta ah ee saliidda hydrogenation si ay u soo saarto aalkolo sare
Waa kicinta ugu horreysa ee kakanaanta ee loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka warshadaha.Aldehydes oo leh hal atomi kaarboon oo dheeri ah waxaa soo saara falcelinta alkenes ee leh syngas (CO+H2) iyadoo ay jirto koronto.Sida ethylene, propylene sida alaabta ceeriin iyada oo loo marayo hydroformylation (taas oo ah, loo yaqaano carbonyl synthesis) propyl aldehyde, butyl aldehyde.Hydroformylation waxaa lagu fuliyay marxaladda dareeraha heerkulka sare iyo cadaadiska iyadoo la adeegsanayo kaarboonyl cobalt complex sida kicinta.
Polyethylene waxay inta badan u qaybsantaa cufnaanta hoose iyo cufnaanta sare.Waagii hore, kii hore wuxuu isticmaalay habka cadaadiska sare (100 ~ 300MPa) wax soo saarka, ogsijiinta, peroxide organic sida kicinta.Midda dambe waxaa inta badan lagu soo saaraa habka cadaadiska dhexdhexaadka ah ama habka cadaadiska hooseeya.Habka cadaadiska dhexdhexaadka ah, chromium-molybdenum oxide waxaa lagu qaadaa xabagta aluminium silikoon sida kicinta.Habka cadaadiska hooseeya, nooca Ziegler ee kicinta (oo ay matalaan titanium tetrachloride iyo nidaamka aluminium triethyl) ayaa loo isticmaalaa polymerization heerkulka hooseeya iyo cadaadiska hooseeya.Wax soo saarka polypropylene ayaa sidoo kale horumariyay nidaamka titanium-aluminium ee la taageeray ee kicinta waxtarka sare leh, garaamkii titanium wuxuu soo saari karaa in ka badan 1000kg oo polypropylene ah.
Waa kicinta ugu horreysa ee kakanaanta ee loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka warshadaha.Aldehydes oo leh hal atomi kaarboon oo dheeri ah waxaa soo saara falcelinta alkenes ee leh syngas (CO+H2) iyadoo ay jirto koronto.Sida ethylene, propylene sida alaabta ceeriin iyada oo loo marayo hydroformylation (taas oo ah, loo yaqaano carbonyl synthesis) propyl aldehyde, butyl aldehyde.Hydroformylation waxaa lagu fuliyay marxaladda dareeraha heerkulka sare iyo cadaadiska iyadoo la adeegsanayo kaarboonyl cobalt complex sida kicinta.
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